2023 Guidelines for the control and management of ships’ biofouling to minimize the transfer of invasive aquatic species

The introduction of harmful aquatic organisms to new environments by ships has been identified as a major threat to world oceans and to the conservation of biodiversity. Biofouling, described as the undesirable accumulation of microorganisms, plants, algae and animals on submerged structures (especially ships’ hulls), is considered one of the main vectors for bioinvasions.

These Guidelines for the control and management of ships’ biofouling to minimize the transfer of invasive aquatic species are intended to provide a globally consistent approach to the management of biofouling.